Creating an Automatic Table of Contents in Microsoft Word

To create a table of contents that’s easy to edit and maintain, begin by selecting a Heading from the Styles menu. The styles are located on the Home tab where several pre-formatted options are available to choose from. As you prepare your document, be sure to identify each new section of text with a unique heading. These are the items that will appear as entries in your table of contents.  

Next, place your cursor within the document at the point where you wish you insert your table of contents, usually near the beginning. On the References tab, locate the Table of Contents button. By default, the button should be located on the far left side of the task ribbon. Click on this button and select one of the Automatic Table of Contents options. Microsoft Word will automatically create a table of contents, generated from the headings and subheadings within your document. 

For a detailed demonstration of how to create, update, and customize your Table of Contents, visit the Microsoft Support site. 

 

Best Practices for Effective Version Control In Microsoft Word

In the of drafting of legal documents, effective version control is essential, especially when several people are collaborating on the same project. Fortunately, Microsoft Word allows you track every change you make. Adjustments in formatting, text, and typography as well as editorial and content revisions can be revealed with the click of button. The tool that makes this all possible is located on the Task Ribbon’s Review tab. Here you will also discover a few more useful features, including the Comments tool and the Show Markup button. With the Comments tool, you and your collaborators can notate the text, providing color-coded comments or suggestions.

Unless a document administrator restricts a particular user’s editing privileges, anyone who has access to a document can use the Show Markup feature. Notifications can be labeled with the initials of the person who has made them, so there’s never any doubt about the source of a particular modification.

While the Microsoft Word tracking feature is an effective tool for managing multiple versions of a document, it must be used with care. Neglecting to remove all revision marks and the associated metadata from your final product can have dire consequences. If exposed to the wrong party, hidden data or confidential client information stored in the document’s properties may open you to liability.  Depending on which other features you used to create your document, you may unknowingly reveal personally identifiable information such as e-mail headers, send-for-review information, watermarks, routing slips, or template names. Fortunately, there’s an easy and effective safeguard build into Microsoft Word that will protect you against any accidental sharing of data. It’s called the Document Inspector. 

The Document Inspector is located on the Task Ribbon’s File tab. Select Info in the left-hand menu where you will see an option to Prepare Your Document for Sharing. With the click of a button, Microsoft Word will examine your document and identify any comments, revisions, annotations, or previous versions as well as document properties or personal information you may not wish to reveal.  At this point, you can select which information you wish to remove, but remember that once data has been scrubbed from a document, it cannot be restored. As a best practice, you may wish to save your document with a new filename, using a consistent naming convention to clearly distinguish the original from any subsequent copies. Leave the original document as is, making sure to retain all comments and modifications. Then, clean up the copied version using the Document Inspector, and rest assured that when you share it with an outside party, the document is free of any privileged information.    

This is a very broad overview of how to track changes in your documents, how to maintain version control, and how to remove hidden data that shouldn't be shared. The Microsoft Word Help site contains much more detailed information, and will hep you identify the steps to follow in using these tools, especially the more advanced features. If you have further questions, please visit the reference desk and talk to our helpful staff. 

Latest & Greatest -- Locked Down: Practical Information Security for Lawyers

August is ABA Resource Month at the Harris County Law Library. On this Tech Tuesday, we're spotlighting a new tech-related ABA publication, a recent addition to our collection on a topic of growing concern, cybersecurity and the protection of client data.

Locked Down: Practical Information Security for Lawyers is authored by three of the most prominent figures in the field of legal tech, Sharon D. Nelson and John W. Simek of Sensei Enterprises (and co-hosts of  Digital Detectives on the Legal Talk Network), and David G. Ries, a Pittsburgh attorney specializing in data protection, information security, and digital forensics. 

The authors begin by discussing the Model Rules of Professional Conduct. In particular, they point to Rule 1.6, which requires members of the Bar to protect client confidentiality. They also discuss the challenges of securing data in the age of nearly universal connectivity and widespread mobility. Recognizing the inherent difficulties of guarding against data breaches, the authors provide solutions and advice, as well as answers to common questions regarding passwords, multifactor authentication, smartphone security, encryption, and the use of public wi-fi networks.  

Be sure to check out the final Appendix of the book where key developments in the field in information security are addressed, such as the Cybersecurity Informaton Sharing Act of 2015. Also included are recommended sources for tracking vulnerabilities and threats, namely Naked Security News and SANS OUCH!

Continuing Pokélegal Education

Avoid looking for Pokémon in jail. 

Following up on our introduction to Pokémon law two weeks ago, the Pokémon experts at Ex Libris Juris have a few more trainer tips about Pokémon Go:

• Pokémon Go creator Niantic Labs has created a webpage to request removal of specific Pokéstops or Gym locations (virtual zones that attract both Pokémon and their would-be captors to real-world coordinates). This Pokémon pest control is intended to alleviate the safety concerns, violation of private property rights, and even disrespect towards the fallen plaguing property owners (mis)fortunate to be adjacent to virtual Pokémon hot spots.

•  Iran has become the first country to ban Pokémon Go after its High Council of Virtual Spaces announced the game represented a potential security threat. Meanwhile, New York has imposed a new condition for registered sex offenders on parole preventing them from playing Pokémon Go, as well as any other Internet games.   

• A New Jersey attorney has filed a federal class action suit against Niantic Inc., Nintendo Co. Ltd., and The Pokémon Company for nuisance and unjust enrichment. The suit alleges that the virtual placement of Pokémon via GPS coordinates corresponding and/or adjacent to private property constitutes an invasion of one’s enjoyment and use of the land. The full complaint may be read online via the Wall Street Journal. The plaintiff is seeking damages as well as enjoining the defendants from continuing to populate private property with Pikachus and the like—relief that, if granted, would effectively put an end to all the Pokémon fun. 

ADA Anniversary - Focus on Adaptive Tech

Twenty-six years ago, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was written into law. With the passage of this historic legislation, our nation declared its commitment to equal opportunity for those with physical and cognitive disabilities. The ADA has played a critical role in reducing barriers to access, including technological barriers online. Proving accommodations for a population that often relies  heavily on technology to access and engage with information is an important yet sometimes overlooked provision of the law. Developing websites and mobile applications for those who require adaptive technology is critical, not only for commercial, academic, and government sectors, but for the modern law practice as well.

Designing ADA-complaint websites is an important way of accommodating those who access online content through non-traditional means. Building  your website with accessibility principles in mind ensures that all visitors to your site, including potential clients, can interact with the information you provide.  Developing a web design strategy that incorporates multiple options for conveying information (via text, images, audio/video, and color) is key. Visual elements should be captioned, buttons should be large, and menus should be easy to access. And these are just a few of the design features to consider. Others are described at the links below:

Law Technology Today: Is Your Law Firm’s Website Accessible?

Accessible Web Deisgn: SEO and Accessibility

W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

W3C Web Accessibility Perspectives (videos)

WebAIM Principles of Accessible Design

Using the best practices described at the sites above, your website can be user-friendly not only for your traditional clients, but also for those who access content in less traditional ways, using text readers, keyboard navigation, joysticks, trackballs, touchscreens, and other assistive devices. As an added benefit, accessible design also improves search engine optimization (SEO), raising the discoverability of your website and the usability of its content. These are all worthwhile goals, but they also ensure your compliance with ADA requirements. Thanks to the American’s with Disabilities Act, equal access is the law, and during the 26 years since its passage, the ADA has evolved to embrace the continually changing needs of information consumers -- regardless of ability -- in the digital age.